Organizational Behavior System in Jgtdsl, Bangladesh Essay Example

Authoritative Behavior System in Jgtdsl, Bangladesh Paper Presentation: Organizational Behavior (OB) is the investigation and utilization of information about how individuals, people, and gatherings act in associations. It does this by adopting a framework strategy. That is, it deciphers human association connections regarding the entire individual, entire gathering, entire association, and entire social framework. Its motivation is to assemble better connections by accomplishing human targets, hierarchical destinations, and social goals Elements of Organizational Behavior:- The associations base lays on administrations reasoning, qualities, vision and objectives. This thus drives the hierarchical culture which is made out of the proper association, casual association, and the social condition. The way of life decides the sort of authority, correspondence, and gathering elements inside the association. The laborers see this as the nature of work life which coordinates their level of inspiration. The ultimate result is execution, singular fulfillment, and self-improvement and advancement. Every one of these components consolidate to construct the model or structure that the association works from. Models of Organizational Behavior:- There are four significant models or systems that associations work out of, Autocratic, Custodial, Supportive, and Collegial (Cunningham, Eberle, 1990; Davis,1967): Autocratic †The premise of this model is power with an administrative direction of power. The workers thus are situated towards dutifulness and reliance on the chief. The worker need that is met is means. The presentation result is negligible. Custodial †The premise of this model is monetary assets with an administrative direction of cash. The representatives thus are situated towards security and advantages and reliance on the association. We will compose a custom paper test on Organizational Behavior System in Jgtdsl, Bangladesh explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom paper test on Organizational Behavior System in Jgtdsl, Bangladesh explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom article test on Organizational Behavior System in Jgtdsl, Bangladesh explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer The worker need that is met is security. The exhibition result is uninvolved participation. Steady †The premise of this model is authority with an administrative direction of help. The workers thusly are situated towards work execution and cooperation. The worker need that is met is status and acknowledgment. The presentation result is stirred drives. Collegial †The premise of this model is association with an administrative direction of collaboration. The workers thusly are situated towards dependable conduct and self-restraint. The worker need that is met is self-realization. The exhibition result is moderate excitement. In spite of the fact that there are four separate models, basically no association works solely in one. There will normally be a prevail one, with at least one zones over-lapping in different models. The primary model, despotic, has its underlying foundations in the mechanical upheaval. The chiefs of this sort of association work for the most part out of McGregors Theory X. The following three models start to expand on McGregors Theory Y. They have each developed over some stretch of time and there is nobody best model. Likewise, the collegial model ought not be thought as the last or best model, yet the start of another model or worldview. Significance of hierarchical conduct: Organization Development (OD) is the methodical use of social science information at different levels, for example, gathering, between gathering, association, and so forth , to achieve arranged change (Newstrom, Davis, 1993). Their goal is a higher caliber of work-life, profitability, versatility, and adequacy. It achieves this by evolving perspectives, practices, values, techniques, methodology, and structures so the association can adjust to serious activities, innovative advances, and the quick pace of progress inside nature. 1. Humanistic Values: Positive convictions about the capability of representatives (McGregors Theory Y). 2. Frameworks Orientation: All pieces of the association, to incorporate structure, innovation, and individuals, must cooperate. 3. Experiential Learning: The students encounters in the preparation condition ought to be the sort of human issues they experience at work. The preparation ought NOT be all hypothesis and talk. 4. Critical thinking: Problems are distinguished, information is accumulated, restorative move is made, progress is surveyed, and modifications in the critical thinking process are made varying. This procedure is known as Action Research. . Possibility Orientation: Actions are chosen and adjusted to fit the need. 6. Change Agent: Stimulate, encourage, and organize change. 7. Levels of Interventions: Problems can happen at least one level in the association so the technique will require at least one intercessions. An authoritative conduct framework:- [pic] Figure â⠂¬ A hierarchical conduct framework Elements of the framework Philosophy-the way of thinking of authoritative conduct held by the board cconsist of a coordinated arrangement of presumption and advantages about the state of affairs the motivation behind these exercises , and the manner in which they ought to be. The methods of reasoning are a few times express and occationally amplict, in the mindes of chiefs. Five significant authoritative conduct ways of thinking absolutist, custodial, strong, collegial, and framework and their suggestion are bdiscussed later in this task. Qualities:- Values can be characterized as those things that are critical to or esteemed by somebody. That somebody can be an individual or, on the whole, an association. One spot where esteems are significant is comparable to vision. Qualities are the epitome of what an association rely on, and ought to be the reason for the conduct of its individuals. Vision-ision speaks to a difficult picture of what the association and its individuals can be †a potential and alluring future. Pioneers need to make energizing projections about where the association ought to go and what significant changes lie ahead. Strategic:- characterizes the basic reason for an association or an endeavor concisely portraying why it existing an d what it does to accomplish its vision It at times used to set out an image of the other association later on. Objectives:- Goals are moderately solid details of accomplishments the association is focusing on inside set timeframes, for example, one to five years. Objectives setting is a mind boggling process , for top administrations objectives should be converged with those of workers who bring their physiological , social and monetary needs with them to an association. Four key powers of authoritative conduct:- An intricate arrangement of powers influences the idea of association today. A wide cluster of issues and patterns of these powers can be characterized into four zones . Individuals . Structure . Innovation .condition when individuals cooperate in an association to achieve a target, a structure of formal connections is required. Individuals likewise use innovation to help complete thae work, so individuals structure innovation associate,. Furthermore these components are impacted by the outside condition, and they impact t. every one of the four powers influencing hierarchical conduct , and some outline of each , is considered quickly in the accompanying segments. Individuals:- People make up the inner social arrangement of the association. Individuals are the living reasoning inclination being who work in the association to accomplish their destinations. Structure:- Structure characterizes the conventional connection boat and utilization of individuals in associations. Various occupations are required to achieve all of associations exercises. There are administrators and workers, accountatsand constructing agents. These individuals must be connected in some auxiliary manner so their work can be viably planned. Innovation:- Technology gives the assets which individuals work and influences the assignments that they perform. The innovation utilized affects working relationship. Condition:- All association s work inside an inner and an outer domain. A solitary association doesn’t exist alone. It is a piece of a bigger framework the contains numerous different components, for example, government, the family and other association. The idea of individuals as to individuals, there are six fundamental ideas: 1. singular contrast 2. observation 3. an entire individual 4. inspired conduct 5. want for inclusion 6. estimation of the individual 1. Unique individual:- individuals share much for all intents and purpose yet every individual on the planet is likewise separately extraordinary. The possibility of individual contrast is bolstered by science. Singular distinction requirethat a supervisors way to deal with representatives be individual , not measurable. This conviction that every individual is not quite the same as all others is ordinarily called the law of individual distinction. 2. observation:- individuals take a gander at the world and see things in an unexpected way. In any event, when given a similar item, two individuals may see in two distinct manners their perspective on their target condition is sifted by observation, which is the remarkable manner by which every individual sees compose and deciphers things. 3. an entire individual:- 4. propelled conduct:- 5. want for association:- The idea of the association :- Concerning associations, the three ideas are that they are social frameworks, they are shaped based on common intrigue, and they should treat workers morally. Social framework The possibility of a social framework gives an edge work to breaking down hierarchical conduct issues. It helps make hierarchical conduct issues reasonable and sensible Mutual intrigue:- Organization need individuals and individuals need associations . association have a hu

Film Review of ‘Bad Boy Bubby’ Essay Example

Film Review of ‘Bad Boy Bubby’ Essay Film audit of ‘Bad Boy Bubby’ Dark, clever, uncovering, stunning, unprecedented, and plain fun†¦ acknowledge these words on the off chance that you ever choose to watch this film in the event that you haven’t as of now. Also, on the off chance that you as of now have, watch it once more. For a low spending film shot in Australia in 1993, and questionable in a few nations at the time because of its angry depiction of misuse, nakedness and interbreeding, and psychological instability, Bad Boy Bubby is loaded up with staggering execution from the film’s insane haired man-youngster hero â€Å"Bubby†, played by Nicholas Hope. Maybe there are more valid justifications than terrible to have huge costs for motion pictures these days, and as a rule the movies with least cash contributed turn a little crowd. In any case, just a couple of special cases in cinematography can lead such poor ventures into high worth yields, and two or three those exemptions are an incredible storyline and authenticity in acting. The film’s picaresque plot follows Bubby as he rises into the obscure world past the Freudian jail in which his mom has segregated him a ways into his adulthood. This outsider in an odd land, continually imitating the viciousness, antagonistic vibe and hazard of people around him, inevitably finds the delights of music and pizza, the lip services of religion, and the conceivable outcomes of a caring family †thus finally turns into his own individual, himself currently copied by others. Being a dark parody, yet more dull than diverting, there isn’t much requirement for excessive outfits or enhancements. Rather, the crowd is to be caught through the lost and strange mentality the characters give, particularly the bleak scenes of abuse the hero guiltlessly performs all through the story. We will compose a custom paper test on Film Review of ‘Bad Boy Bubby’ explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom article test on Film Review of ‘Bad Boy Bubby’ explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom article test on Film Review of ‘Bad Boy Bubby’ explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer The authenticity given in certain events could even make you question on the off chance that it was for sure a catch of genuine feeling. At last there is no motivation to not prescribe this film to anybody, insofar as they have a solid however receptive outlook to evil cleverness. Shot by a few distinct cinematographers to catch its protagonist’s steady feeling of perplexed marvel, this dim parody envelops itself by a quirkily wonderful tasteful that keeps us observing in any event, when the material is at its generally repellent or disturbing. It is a rich and now and again extremely entertaining look into the ruining, conflicting nature of current life. A positive must see.

Forget #SpeakBeautiful, Speak Your Mind A Reading List

Forget #SpeakBeautiful, Speak Your Mind A Reading List Dove’s #SpeakBeautiful campaign was one of the first things I saw online Tuesday morning. I can see how this all sounds like a good idea. Encouraging women to speak positively of themselves and other women, discouraging body-shaming and the “Mean Girls” phenomenon, is a worthy endeavor. I imagine that is what the organizations and celebrities supporting the #SpeakBeautiful hashtag were thinking when they got on board. Positivity can be a powerful force, and the Internet is all too often a toxic place for speech about women’s bodies. But when I saw the promoted tweet detailing how many women were negative on Twitter in 2014, all I could see was red. Here is an organization that occasionally produces smart, feminist campaigns; #SpeakBeautiful is not one of them. The execution indicates either a deep unfamiliarity with the current state of women and Internet abuse, an unwillingness to consider the context of the campaign, or just a straight-up messaging fail. Dove is telling women to be positive and eschew negativity on a platform that produces abuse and violent threats, like those catalogued by Feminist Frequency, on an hourly basis. They’re telling women to #SpeakBeautiful on a platform whose CEO recently acknowledged that the company has left women to suffer trolling and abuse basically unchecked. Telling women to be nicer on Twitter will not make it a safer space for them. And if the intent is to encourage women to love our bodies and our selves more, then why do only some of their promo images mention it? The focus I saw was solidly on speech in general. At best, this is tone deaf; at worst, it’s the voice of the patriarchy telling women that if they don’t have anything nice to say, they shouldn’t say anything at all. So what to do with all this frustration and anger? Build a reading list, naturally. Here are some of the books that remind me that being an outspoken woman is not only good, but necessary. That we don’t have to speak nicely to speak our minds. That our words are both important and necessary. And that we can and should love ourselves, warts and all. I Know Why The Caged Bird Sings  by  Maya Angelou The late, great poet and writer gave voice to more than just her own story when she wrote her autobiographies. This remains one of the most important books Ive read, in school or out of it, and is a reminder that difficult and dark truths can have their own beauty in expression. Unspeakable Things: Sex, Lies, and Revolution by  Laurie Penny In her dissection of modern feminism, Penny set out to speak the unspeakable. Unspeakable Things tackles some of the very issues that Dove seems to be oblivious of; if you need company for your rage, here it is. Bad Feminist  by  Roxane Gay In essay after essay, Gay reminds us that we are not only feminists but human beings with tastes, habits, and thoughts some of which may make us feel like we’re failing as political beings. If you’re both in love and in frustration with problematic pop-culture, Gay wants you to know that that’s not only normal but valuable, and worth talking about. The Empathy Exams by  Leslie Jamison As Azar Nafisi said in The Republic of Imagination, All violence is based on blindness, on a lack of reflection and empathy. In her excellent essay collection, Jamison sets out to chart the limits of empathy. If you want to explore the way we talk about pain, its performance and its realities, and our own limits as humane beings, there are few better places to start. Bitch Planet #3 by Kelly Sue DeConnick, Valentine De Landro Whether or not you’re a comics fan, or have read issues 1 and 2, get yourself a copy of Bitch Planet #3. Penny Rolle lives what Dove is trying to sell complete acceptance and love of ourselves, no matter how the outside world perceives us. And the bonus essay from Megan Carpentier calls on us to “love your weirdest, ugliest self more deeply than you’re supposedly allowed to, and demand that others either love her or fuck off.” Now that’s beautiful. ____________________ Get your Read Harder mug on.

The Significance of Customs in Things Fall Apart by...

The Significance of Customs The definition of custom is a traditional way of behaving or doing something that is specific to a particular society, place, or time. The book Things Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe focuses on a small community of Igbo people in lower Niger that undergoes a large change. Their village, previously full of solid morals, traditions and religious belief begins to undergo European colonization. The result of this is a loss of old customs and an acquisition of new ones. Customs can be anything from saying â€Å"thank you† when given something to believing that twins should be thrown into the forest upon birth. The elders in the story try hard to save their previous customs but eventually are betrayed by the younger generation. Customs are key and even the foundation of a community. They are necessary for 3 reasons: to remind people of basic beliefs (whether religious or moral), to give people a general feeling of culture and respect, and finally to keep the people of a society together , which is a biological human need and keeps a community alive and united. Sharing beliefs and morals contributes largely to how close the people are within a society. Igbos have many traditions, from storytelling to the actions performed at ceremonies. Almost all of these customs are based around respect. Umuofia, the village, â€Å"never went to war unless its case was clear and just and was accepted as such by its Oracle...If the clan had disobeyed the Oracle they would surelyShow MoreRelatedChinua Achebe’s Things Fall Apart Essay1736 Words   |  7 PagesThe classic African literary tale Things Fall Apart, written by Chinua Achebe, is a brilliant account of historical African culture and the destruction colonialism can cause upon such cultures. As the reader follows the narrative and complexity of the characters through the novel, a sense of pride, trust, and faith in history emerges. Yet, with the introduction of colonialism the characters must learn to embrace and adapt to a new culture and set of beliefs or face termination from society. T heRead MoreAnalysis Of Things Fall Apart By Chinua Achebe1827 Words   |  8 Pages In the novel, Things Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe, the setting is in Umofia, a lower Nigerian Clan and Mbanta, Okonkwos moms family. The novel starts with a man, whose name is Okonkwo, a respectable warrior, who dwells in Umofia, with his three spouses and nine kids. Okonkwo is spooked by his dad, Unokas dishonorable past. Okonkwo wants his child to be an extreme, capable warrior. Hence, this being said causes devastation upon Okonkwos families, destroying Nwoye and Okonkwo. Then, evangelistsRead MoreChinua Achebe s Things Fall Apart1410 Words   |  6 PagesTeddy Manfre Ms. Blass ENG 209-001 April 24, 2017 Things Fall Apart In 1958, Chinua Achebe a famous Nigerian author publishes one of his most famous novels Things Fall Apart. The novel takes place in a Nigerian village called Umuofia. During the time that this novel is published Nigeria is being criticized by the Europeans for being uncivilized. In response, Achebe uses his brilliance in this novel to express the valued history of his people to his audience. His focus in the novel is on the pre-colonizedRead MoreAn Analysis of Things Fall Apart and Antigone1027 Words   |  5 Pagesnovels Things Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe and Antigone by Sophocles, this idea is portrayed perfectly. The way that Achebe developed Ezinma throughout the novel, I believe, is what was used to show readers the softer and gentler side of Okonkwo. In conjunction with that, Sophocles used Ismene to be the more tame and obedient side of Antigone. Through the descriptions and ways that these two female characters affect the main characters in each of these novels, Ezinma from Things Fall Apart and IsmeneRead MoreChinua Achebe’s Things Fall Apart: Exploring the Ibo Culture1743 Words   |  7 Pagesculture and to discuss women as a marginalized group in Chinua Achebe’s Things Fall Apart. Things Fall Apart is a 1958 English novel by Nigerian author Chinua Achebe. Achebe is indebted to Yeats for the title as it has been taken from Yeats’ poem The Second Coming. Achebe is a fastidious, skillful artist and garnered more critical attention than any other African writer. His reputation was soon established after his novel Things Fall Apart. He made a considerable influence over young African writersRead MoreThings Fall Apart By Chinua Achebe1084 Words   |  5 Pagesdetermines the success of a civilization and without it their societies often fall. Chinua Achebe’s novel is imbedded with examples of tradition and rituals. In the novel Things Fall Apart, religion controls the mind and their ideals, as people desperately rush to seize control through beliefs. In the story religion is not a simple belief, but is a determining factor of how a person should live. The author Chinua Achebe in the novel uses the characteristics of the Umuofians polygamous beliefs in marriageRead More Essay on the Role of Women in Chinua Achebes Things Fall Apart1827 Words   |  8 PagesThe Role of Women in Things Fall Apart      Ã‚  Ã‚   Chinua Achebes Things Fall Apart explores the struggle between old traditions within the Igbo community as well as Christianity and the second coming it brings forth. While on the surface, it appears the novel narrows its focus to a single character, Okonkno and his inner battles, one can read deeper into the text and find an array of assorted conflicts in the realm on human vs. human, human vs. nature, human vs. society, and society vs. societyRead MoreChinua Achebe s Things Fall Apart1341 Words   |  6 PagesKelly Zhang Mr. Hadley English 2H 1 1 October 2015 Novel and Play Review Notes  2.) Bibliographic Information Achebe, Chinua. Things Fall Apart. London: William Heinemann, 1958. Print. Chinua Achebe (16 November 1930 - 21 March 2013) Modernism — Post- Modernism Period 3.) Key Quotations Through a significant passage in chapter seven, Achebe uses analogy to foreshadow the arrival of Europeans. The description of, â€Å"And at last the locusts did descend. They settled on every tree†¦ they settled onRead MoreThings Fall Apart By Chinua Achebe1299 Words   |  6 Pageslike one. He has put a knife on the things that held us together and we have fallen apart† (20.25). Things fall apart, written by Chinua Achebe, is a literary novel that addresses the pre- and post-colonial life of the Igbo people living in Nigeria around the year 1900. Okonkwo, the protagonist in the story, walks the reader through the Igbo customs and way of life until westerns persuade their villagers to convert to their religion and everything falls apart. This twentieth century culture is seenRead MoreThings Fall Apart By Chinua Achebe1948 Words   |  8 Pageswellbeing or their absence. Things Fall Apart is a novel that was written by Chinua Achebe, who is a supporter of multicultural ism as depicted in his book through the appreciation of the differences between cultures. In his novel, Achebe has used the Igbo society as a representation of the African cultural roots. He demonstrates that interactions between cultures have both the constructive and unconstructive consequences. The primary purpose behind Achebe writing Things Fall Apart was to respond to the

The Farmer Security Administration Office Of War Information

When examining American photography you must discuss the Farmer Security Administration-Office of War Information, also referred to as the FSA/OWI. This administration was the single and most significant documentary photography project in the history of United States. Photographs taken by members of the FSA/OWI all display and represent American society in different ways to help give a better understanding of major historic events occurring in the United States at this time. The members of the FSA use many formal elements to help illustrate society and its cultural that will enhance our understanding of the FSA/OWI project and United States. In addition, these formal elements such as lighting, framing, subject matter, and detail are used†¦show more content†¦The first photograph I am going to discuss is photo of Ellery Shufelt with his children in Albany County, New York. Arthur Rothstein took this photograph in 1937, which was when the Great Depression was taking place in t he United States. This photograph depicts many of these formal elements and techniques such as, framing, lighting, composition, and space to help portray the true meaning of the image. Arthur Rothstein uses the technique known as composition, which can be defined as the organization of the photograph by inserting elements in particular places and sizes. This assumption can be made because Rothstein places the Ellery Shufelt and his children in specific areas of the photograph to help capture an emotion or option about how people live and work American society at this time. Also, the framing and position of the door and chair outlines the photograph asymmetrically for the viewer. The door offsets the image by dividing the image with a vertical line. This basically crops the photograph making the viewer focus on the father and his children rather than the background itself. In addition, the level the camera intensifies the feeling and framing by making you feel eye level with the s ubjects. The use of framing allowed the photograph to make you focus and control how you perceive the image. Another element I have noticed

Children in Horror Free Essays

With the release of Orphan upon us, it seems as good a time as any to consider the role that kids have played in the horror genre. Other groups have fairly consistent, even ritualized roles in films. Men as antagonists are usually the threat of aggressive male sexuality, wielding phallic weaponry and chasing down hapless female victims. We will write a custom essay sample on Children in Horror or any similar topic only for you Order Now Women are either the sexualized teenaged victim, the virginal survivor, or in some classic horror, the threat of female social and sexual empowerment to male hegemony. But children in horror movies have not had such a stable role. There are, however, three major trends in the way children fit into horror plots. We’ll call them â€Å"the silent witness,† â€Å"the creepy little kid,† and â€Å"the un-victim. † The silent witness is used most commonly in ghost films like The Messengers and Mirrors. These characters often don’t speak at all (perhaps due to some earlier trauma or developmental shortfall) or they only speak in short, cryptic messages. The driving notion behind these characters is that in their innocence they don’t know to be scared of the ghosts and ghoulies, or in other cases, they retain some knowledge of trust or secret about life that we as adults have forgotten. Either way, these characters represent an almost covetous reverence for the ideal of childhood innocence. The sound of the child’s laughter is usually central to at least one scene, reminding us again of the child’s innocence, but also implying that the child is not alone. One of the most elegant, though not central, uses of this character type is in Close Encounters of the Third Kind in the scene when the child, Barry, goes missing. Of course everyone’s favorite use of children in horror movies is the creepy little kid. This is the category that Orphan falls under and also incorporates a lot of ghost films like The Grudge and The Unborn, but it can also include demon-child movies like The Omen. The protagonists of these films are often the parents, or adopted parents, of the creepy kid in question, and these films play subliminally on oedipal anxieties. In films where the kid is a ghost, it will sometimes be â€Å"the good ghost† who is trying to warn and protect the other characters. But even if the child ghost is not benevolent, it’s still usually not the embodiment of pure rage that ghosts of adult men tend to be. Instead, the threat they pose is usually more akin to a trapped animal, and often these characters are associated with a specific animal or take on animalistic traits. Whether alive or dead though, creepy little girls have become iconic within the horror genre. With sunken eyes, perfect hair, and always the same style of going-to-church dress, the image of the creepy little girl has become standardized, but the fact that it still remains creepy while being so familiar is a testament to its ability to strike a deep psychological chord with the audience. In many ways the creepy little girl is the flip side of the silent witness character. Both imply that young children know more about their surroundings than they let on, but whereas the silent witness can’t communicate, the creepy little girl won’t, inevitably to nefarious ends. Where the silent witness represents the purity and innocence of childhood, the creepy little kid represents all the cruelty and selfishness that children are capable of. Finally, there is what I like to call the un-victim. These are the kids in movies who get chased by the bad guys, but everyone knows they’re going to live through the end of the film. Classic examples would be Tommy Jarvis in Friday the 13th Part IV, or Reggie in Part V. A more recent example would be the two kids in Signs. These kids are un-victims because they’re threatened through the entire movie, but never get killed off because killing a kid in a movie is going too far for most filmmakers (though apparently not for Lars Von Trier in Antichrist). As a result, these kids end up being a sort of safety blanket for the viewer. We know that they’re safe, and therefore we allow them to provide us some security and even the occasional moment of levity. For many horror fans though, these kids turn into an annoyance very quickly (Dakota Fanning in War of the Worlds). This is of course not at all comprehensive. Films that break these molds are often far better off for it, as just in general movies that buck or reverse trends and stereotypes are usually more creative and better made movies. Plus, this summary does not include demonic pregnancy movies like Rosemary’s Baby, or movies aimed at children like Gremlins. And then there are a few movies that merge and meld these tropes together. Stanley Kubrick’s The Shining has not only the prototypical creepy little girls, but Danny Torrance incorporates all three character tropes. He is himself a creepy little kid at times, but at other times he acts as the silent witness. But then in the third act when the emphasis of the film begins to shift towards Jack’s insanity, Danny becomes an un-victim. So this is by no means a bible of children in horror movies, but it is an interesting topic to contemplate how children factor into a genre that is specifically meant to not be seen by them. Adults have always had a very interesting and compelling relationship with notions of childhood, and it’s certainly not insignificant that children, in one role or another, find their way so consistently into the horror genre, where all the fears and anxieties of the human psyche find their voice. How to cite Children in Horror, Essay examples

Mediation Arbitration and Negotiation System †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Mediation Arbitration and Negotiation System. Answer: Introduction A legal contract binds two or more parties to an agreement that is enforceable by law. Contract can be formed between parties who fulfill the essential elements of a contract which include an offer, acceptance, intention, consideration, and capacity. A legal contract does not necessarily have to be constructed on paper; it can be written or oral. The benefit of written contract is that it is easier to prove its validity in the court and the hard copy serves as a written record of term and condition of the contract. The terms of contract are legally binding upon the parties of the contract, and failure to fulfill such conditions constitutes a breach of contract. A party can file a lawsuit for non-fulfillment of contracts conditions, and the court can provide remedies by enforcing performance or ordering defaulting party to pay for damages. Other than a lawsuit, there are alternative dispute resolution methods that can be applied by the parties to resolve their dispute like meditation, arbitration, negotiation, and others. The key issue is that whether a legal contract has been formed between Alan and Bernard management, Damian and Charleen, and if a contract is established then who the contracting parties were. According to McKendrick (2014), a contract can be defined as an agreement that gives rise to obligations that are recognized and enforced by the law. A valid contract requires fulfillment of essential elements. Following are the essential elements of a contract: Offer: Professor Treitel defines offer as an expression of willingness to contract based on specified conditions that are made with an intention to enforce the acceptance of another party legally (Treitel, 2003). An offer can be written, oral or through conduct of parties. The person offering the contract is called offeror and person to whom the offer is made called offeree. Acceptance: As per Professor Atiyah, acceptance occurs when an offeree gives his/her approval to the terms of the contract by providing consideration or some other valuable thing to confirm the contract (Smith Atiyah, 2006). Consideration: Consideration in a contract is defined as the value that is offered and accepted by the parties to the contract. Intention: It is necessary that parties to a contract have the intention to bind such contract legally, and the consent must be free from any external force (Chen-Wishart, 2012). Capacity: The parties entering into a contract must have the capacity to enter into a legal contract that means the parties should not be minor, insolvent and mentally insane (Koffman Macdonald, 2010). Application In this case, Alan posted on Facebook his intentions to sell his book along with handwritten notes. Bernard responded to such post, but he did not accept the offer, instead, he provided a counteroffer to buy the book for $150. Alan rejected the offer of Bernard and told him that he will only sell his book at $200 and that he already has an offer. Bernard then decided to accept the original offer of Alan and send him money through the post. The principle of law provides that once a counteroffer is made, the first offer ceases to exit. The court provide in Hyde v Wrench [1840] 49 ER 132 case, if a party rejects an offer for contract and provide a counter offer than the original offer ceases to exist. After the rejection of counteroffer, the party did not have the option to accept the original offer (Rahnavard, 2013). Bernard did not have right to accept the original offer of Alan, and his decision to send him money through post cannot be constituted as acceptance of the original offer. Therefore, Bernard and Alan did not enter into a valid contract. In case of Charleen, she saw her brothers Facebook post and told him that she is willing to buy the book. Charleen was taking her GCE O level, and she was still a minor. As per Nash v Inman [1908] 2 KB 1 case, a minor is not able to enter into a legal contract by himself (Andrews, 2016). Therefore, the contract between Charleen and Alan is not valid. Damian was not the Facebook friend of Alan; instead, he comes to know about Alans offer through Bernard. He accepted the term of Alans contract and sent him a message to show his desire. Damian asked Alan whether he can pay on 4th November and Alan give his acceptance; it created a valid offer between Alan and Damien. To conclude, the contract between Bernard and Alan is not valid because Bernard provided a counteroffer that terminated his right to accept the original offer of Alan. Charleen is a minor therefore she cannot enter into a legal contract management. In Damien and Alan, there is a clear contractual relationship because Damien fulfills the requirement of a valid contract. Bernard saw the Facebook post of Alan and decided to buy his book along with handwritten notes. Bernard asked Alan to sell his book for $150 instead of $200. Alan rejected his offer by telling him that he will only sell at $200 price, and he already has an offer. After that, Bernard decided to buy the book for $200, and he sends the money to Alan through the post; Alan received the money on 5th November. In this case, a valid contract did not establish between Bernard and Alan. The counteroffer made by Bernard terminated the original offer of Alan, and Bernard losses his right to accept the original offer. In Hyde v Wrench case, wrench offer to sell its land for $1000 and Hyde provided a counteroffer of $950. Wrench rejected Hyde's offer, and then Hyde decided to buy his land for $1000. Wrench rejected to sale his land so Hyde files a lawsuit for breach of contract against Wrench. The court held that Hyde did not have right to accept the original offer because he provided a counter offer which terminates an original offer. Similar principle was laid down by the court in Dickinson V Dodds [1876] 2 Ch D 463 case. The court held that if a party failed to accept the offer in time hence no legal contract has established between them (Beale, Bishop Furmston, 2007). On this ground, it can be said that Bernard did not enter into a valid contract with Alan, so he did not have right to file a suit for breach of contract for not providing his book along with handwritten notes (Anson, Beatson, Burrows Cartwright, 2010). To conclude, the counteroffer provided by Bernard terminated the original offer of Alan; Bernard did not have right to accept the original offer of Alan. Therefore, Bernard cannot file a suit against Alan for breach of contract because they did not enter into a valid contract. The contract between Charleen and Alan did not construct because Charleen is a minor and a minor cannot enter into a legal contract (Nash v Inman, 1908). In De Francesco v Barnum [1890] 45 Ch D 430 case, the court held that a minor cannot into a legal contract that is not beneficial for him (Gooley, Radan Vickovich, 2007). There is lack of evidence that buying Alans book will be beneficial for Charleen during his studies or in the future, therefore, the contract is invalid. In the Felthouse v Bindley [1862] 142 ER 1037 case, the court provided that acceptance cannot be considered valid on the ground that offers were not rejected (Gordon, 2014). The smile passed by Alan is not a valid acceptance because silence cannot be constituted as valid acceptance (Felthouse v Bindley, 1862). Therefore, Charleen did not have any legal rights, and she can only ask for her money back. Damien did not see the Facebook post of Alan; instead, he comes to know about the offer through Bernard. He decides to buy the book along with handwritten notes and show his desire to Alan thought an SMS. Damian paid $200 to Alan on 4th November in Kaplan Higher Education. On 7th November, Alan gives his original copy of the book to Bernard and buys another copy for Damien; he gives it to him along with his handwritten notes. Damien and Alan entered into a contract for Alans book and handwritten notes, therefore the terms of contract have been breached by Alan. Damien has right to file a legal suit against Alan for not giving original copy of the book. Like Redgrave v Hurd [1881] 20 Ch D 1 case, there have been false statements made by Alan, and he misleads Damien into buying his book (Waddams, 2013). Damian can file a suit against him for misleading him into a legal contract through false statement and get his money back. To conclude, Alan has breach the terms of contract by not fulfilling his duties and misleading Damien into the contract, therefore, Damien can sue Alan and get his money back. Dispute resolution defines different methods of solution of a dispute between parties through various methods such as mediation, negotiation, arbitration, collaborative law, and litigation (Sourdin, 2008). In case a breach of contract occurs, parties have right to use the traditional method of filing the suit, or they can resolve their disputes between themselves through alternative dispute resolution methods. The courts also encourage ADR methods because it saves precious time and solve disputes more easily instead of the complicated litigation process. In this case, various methods of ADR can be select by the parties. Meditation is a method of ADR in which mediator is appointed by parties as a neutral third party that facilities and guides the parties of contract to accept a mutually acceptable agreement. The mediator did not focus on breach of contract or which party is guilty of breaching the contract, instead, he helps parties find a common solution that is beneficial for all (Goldberg, Sander, Rogers Cole, 2014). Arbitration is another method of ADR in which both parties agreed to present their dispute to a neutral third party called arbitrator. The arbitrator hears the entire dispute and gives his decision based on natural justice principles. The decision of arbitrator is binding upon the parties of contract (Goltsman, Horner, Pavlov Squintani, 2009). The main advantage of mediation and arbitration is that it saves time and money of parties; the court proceedings require a lot of time and money that can be saved by parties by selecting an alternative dispute resolution method. The arbitrator and mediator establish a close connection with parties and listen to their side of the story that allowed for a fair solution. Selecting these processes also maintains the confidentiality of parties, and they can avoid open courts and transcripts that are public record (Moffitt Bordone, 2012). The disadvantages of these methods are that in some disputes, the large corporations and wealthy individuals influence the proceeding in their favor that negatively affect the fairness of case. The parties find it difficult to appeal against arbitrators decision which makes it difficult for parties because arbitrator acts as judge and jury and parties leave their faith in his/her hands. The cost of arbitration is lower than compared to court proceeding but in few cases the situation is opposite, and ADR method costs more than court proceedings. In Singapore, mediation facility is provided by State courts and Family justice courts. The arbitration is conducted in Singapore International Arbitration Centre (SIAC, 2016). The Primary Dispute Resolution Centre will soon be converted into State Courts Centre for Dispute Resolution. Family disputes are conducted in Child Focused Resolution Centre and Family Resolution Chambers. Private meditation conducted in Singapore International Centre and Singapore Meditation Centre (Singaporelaw, 2017). References Andrews, N. (2016). Sources and General Principles of English Contract Law. InArbitration and Contract Law(pp. 165-175). Springer, Cham. Anson, W. R., Beatson, J., Burrows, A. S., Cartwright, J. (2010).Anson's law of contract. Oxford University Press. Beale, H. G., Bishop, W. D., Furmston, M. P. (2007).Contract. Oxford University Press. Chen-Wishart, M. (2012).Contract law. Oxford University Press. Goldberg, S. B., Sander, F. E., Rogers, N. H., Cole, S. R. (2014).Dispute resolution: Negotiation, mediation and other processes. Wolters Kluwer Law Business. 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